A fine vocalist equally gifted at singing upbeat, spirited blues, big band/swing numbers and jazzy pop standards, Anderson began her career in the early '40s, singing with the bands of Russell Jacquet, Eddie Heywood, Shifty Henry and Johnny Otis. Her version of 'K.C. Loving' in 1947 with Henry was a mild hit. These orchestras modified swing arrangements, added shouting vocalists and divided their musical menus between their vocals, jump blues and fast-paced instrumentals. This formula was eventually labeled Rhythm & Blues or R&B. But Anderson moved away from that style in the '50s, and became a prominent jazz stylist. She worked with Lionel Hampton in 1952 and 1953, and also sang in New York City clubs. While in Hampton's band she met saxophonist Gigi Gryce. Anderson recorded with Quincy Jones in 1953, and Gryce in 1955, then toured Sweden in 1956 with Rolf Ericson's band that included Duke Jordan and Cecil Payne. While there she recorded 'Hot Cargo' with Harry Arnold's orchestra, which was well received when it was issued in America on Mercury. Her 1958 album 'Ernestine Anderson' with Pete Ruglolo was also praised, and Anderson won the New Star award from Downbeat's critics in 1959.